• Arm
  In clinical trials, one group of participants (an arm of the trial) receives one treatment (drug) while another arm receives a different treatment or placebo. Most randomised trials have two arms, but some have three or even more
• Vision
  The theme that articulates the nature of the business and its long-term aims and aspirations based upon how management believes the environment will unfold
• Cohort
  A group of individuals with some characteristics in common in epidemiology
• Research and development (R&D)
  The area of pharmaceuticals which involves identifying and testing chemical compounds to be used in treatments and then making sure those treatments are both effective and safe
• Top-of-mind awareness (TOMA)
  When a company is among the first an individual thinks of when attempting to purchase a specific type of product or service
• Efficacy
  The effect of treatment as measured in the controlled environment of a clinical trial. A drug passes efficacy trials if it is effective at the dose tested and against the illness for which it is prescribed.
• Interventions - clinical
  Primary interventions being studied: types of interventions are drug, gene transfer, vaccine, behaviour, device, or procedure
• Formulary
  A list of those drugs available for prescription (by NHS Trusts in the UK), reimbursement under a health insurance plan or offered under a capitated or managed care programme, or preferred in a particular clinical setting.
• Prescribing information
  An approved statement of information relating to the side effects, contraindications, and effectiveness of the drug being referred to in promotional material, in line with the requirements of the local market
• Environmental set
  Comprehensive list of factors that affect an organisation
• Alternative service providers (ASP)
  

  Organisations outside the NHS that provide services to the NHS. Currently they include charitable bodies such as hospices, independent businesses such as BUPA etc… and home nursing services.

• Patent
  The legal right of exclusive use and license granted by a government to the person who invents something. Pharmaceutical Patents nominally last for 20 years but the effective patent life is much lower because patents are typically granted years before a product has cleared review and been granted a license
• Baseline
  
  1. A known value or quantity against which an unknown is compared with, measured or assessed
  2. Information gathered at the beginning of a study from which variations found in the study are measured
  3. The initial time point in a clinical trial, just before a participant starts to receive the experimental treatment.
• Ambulatory Care and Diagnostics Centre (ACAD)
  Now called a Diagnostic and Treatment Centre (DTC), this is where patient care does not involve an over-night stay in hospital and usually involves diagnosis and treatment on the same day
• Asset-led marketing
  Asset-led marketing uses product strengths such as the name and brand image to market both new and existing products. Marketing decisions are based on the needs of the consumer and the assets of the product
• Logistics
  The process behind the movement of goods from manufacturer to customer. Includes a guide to planning, allocating, financial, human and purchasing operations
• Accredited programmes
  Learning modules that are assessed either by exam or by project-based assignments towards achieving a qualification or as part of continuing education programmes
• Asymptomatic
  Showing no signs of a disease or infection
• Oligopsony
  A market which contains only small amount of large buyers who make up the greatest share of purchases
• Lifestyle
  The way of life a society, or segment of that society, adheres to. It includes work and leisure activities, and is shaped by interests, attitudes and opinions

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